0 Soal Bahasa Inggris GENRE TEXT SMA TA 2014/2015

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

Definition of Analytical Exposition

Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition

1.Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position

2.Argument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position

3.Argument 2: Explaining the other arguments support the writer’s position more

4.Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

Language Features of Analytical Exposition

Using relational process

Using internal conjunction

Using causal conjunction

Using Simple Present Tense

TEXT

in Jakarta Issue

Analytical exposition is one classified type as hortatory exposition in text genre. Both analytical exposition and hortatory exposition present arguments for supporting the issued thesis. What makes them different from one to each other is the last stage of the text, which the analytical exposition will end with a re-iteration. In the other hand, hortatory will close the essay with a recommendation. Analytical exposition will try to influence the reader by presenting some arguments to prove that the writer' idea is important. Furthermore, hortatory will try to persuade the reader how should or not do concerning the writer's idea. Now let's see the following example of analytical exposition! 

Jakarta as a Bad Working Place for Expatriates

Jakarta is the second-worst place for expatriates to work in outside of the United States of America, Canada and Western Europe. It is according to a recent report published by Businessweek.

The Businessweek report ranked emerging markets that might be challenging to move into due to their level of pollution, disease, political violence and availability of good and services.

The report ranked Jakarta second, just below lagos in Nageria and above Riyadh Saudi Arabia, saying the threat of violence from extremest, in particular, was serious drawback to living in Jakarta. Bombings targeting foreign interests in Jakarta, such as the JW Marriot hotel bombing in 2003, have been repeated elsewhere in the city.

The report said despite problem common to many developing cities such as the risk of disease, poor sanitation, and excessive pollution, Indonesia can be an enticing location.

In response, the Jakarta administration took the report positively, saying it could spur the administration to improve its performance

Question:

1.    what will close the essay with a recommendation?

a.    hortatory

b.    the response

c.    administration

d.    business 

e.    all right

2.    Last month I ……. to the my mother

a.    Go

b.    Going

c.    Went

d.    Gone

e.    Goes

3.    A : …………………………………………………..

     B : To the Museum. (I went to the museum yesterday)

a    When is Dick arrive in Melbourne.

b    When did Dick arrive in Melbourne.

c    What is Dick arrive in Melbourne.

d    Why did Dick arrive in Melbourne

e    Where did Dick arrive in Melbourne

4.    Yesterday, I……  mathematics

a.    Study

b.    Studying

c.    Studied

d.    Studies

e.    Studed

5.    A : ……………………………………………………..

B : At 9:15 (my train at 9:15)

a.    What time is your train arrive

b.    When time did your train arrive

c.    What time did your train arrive

d.    I took the bus

e.    What time is you go to school

HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

Definition of Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way.

Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition

1. Thesis

2. Arguments

3. Recommendation

Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition

1. Focusing on the writer

2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc

3. Using action verb

4. Using thinking verb

5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc

6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc

7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc

8. Using passive voice

9. Using simple present tense

TEXT

NEVER TRY SMOKING

A lot of people, especially teenagers, who do not smoke, always want to try smoking. They know it is bad for them and all, but it is just something they want to try. So they ask one of their smoker friends for a cigarette. Admittedly, they firstly can not light it on their own so they ask his friend to do it. Then they inhale that cigarette and smoke occasionally. 

Apparently that makes them the born smokers. Now they do smoke fairly regularly. They can not avoid smoking and they enjoy too. They have smoker friends. Everyday they bring a pack in their pocket. For them, a pack of cigarette is as important as a wallet for their money.

Suddenly, for certain reason, they realize the fact that tobacco is the cause of a long list of nasty diseases. It is not only heart disease, stroke, and chronic lung disease but also bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Even it was reported that around 400,000 Americans died each year. It was one every 80 seconds from tobacco-related illnesses.

Then they decide it is stupid to harm selves. They want to quit smoking. Unfortunately, they find that quitting smoking is so difficult. “Why can't I stop smoking? I really want to stop it”. It is hard to quit because nicotine is powerfully addictive. Cigarette is one of the most efficient drug-delivery devices ever devised. As result, when people try to quit smoking, they often experience classic nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, headache, depression, and restlessness.

Well, still want to try smoke? Think the facts before trying! If you are not smoker, you should never and never try to smoke.

Question :

1.    A : ……………………………………………………..

B : At 9:15 (my train at 9:15)

a    What time is your train arrive

b    When time did your train arrive

c    What time did your train arrive

d    I took the bus

e    What time is you go to school

2.    I……..  up at six o’clock yesterday morning

a. Get                 d. getted

b.    Got                    e.  goted

c. Gets

1.    Mr. X  give ……. money to buy a car

a.    My

b.    Mine

c.    Myself

d.    Me

e.    Our

4.    I do …………………homework

a.    Mine

b.    Myself

c.    Our

d.    My

e.    Us

5.    ……….. car is new

a.    My 

b.    Mine

c.    Myself

d.    What

EXPLANATION TEXT

Definition and purposes of Explanation

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic structure of Explanation

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Language Feature

Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc

Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc

Using passive voice pattern

Using simple present tense

TEXT

How Roman Roads were Built

The system of roads for mobility has been begun early decades. It was started since the Roman Empire conquered the world. The roads in Roman era were known as the best construction. 

The Romans built roads are for the purpose of mobility, especially for the army. Having the best road, the army could march from one place to another. They built the roads as straight as possible, so that the army could take the shortest route.

It is interesting to know how the roads were built, which some of them are still in use today. First, the Romans builders would clear the ground of rocks and trees. Then they dug a trench where the road was to go and filled it with big stones. Next, they put in big stones, pebbles, cement and sand which they packed down to make a firm base. After that, they added another layer of cement mixed with broken tiles. On top of that rough construction, then they put paving stones to make the flat surface. These stones were cut so that they fitted together tightly. As the finishing touch, kerb stones were put at each sides of the road to hold in the paving stones. It was also used to make a channel for the water to run away.

Question :

1.    He bought some …….. for the party

a    Beer 

b    Beers

c    Beerses

d    Beerves

e    Beerss

2.    At the zoo, Anton see two…….

a    Deers

b    Deer

c    Deerses

d    Deerves

e    Deeres

3.    There are ……… at the hospital.

a    Woman

b    Womens

c    Womans

d    Women

e    Womenves

4.    I see some ………… on the sea

a    Sharks

b    Shark

c    Sharkses

d    Sharkves

e    Sharkss

5.    Last week, I see a ………. on the zoo.

a    Bison

b    Bisons

c    Bisones

d    Bisonves

e    Bisonss

SPOOF

Spoof text is very similar to recount text. Both spoof and recount tell about the past event with chronological order. Its purpose is to amuse reader with funny story. The story mostly is ended with an unpredictable event.

The above spoof sample has generic structure as follow:

Orientation: It is the introduction of the story. By giving the orientation, reader will recognize, for the first time, who involves in the story.The above story talks about a wife and his husband who loves money too much even up to his death.

Events: Several events are explored in chronological way which able to arrange the story read nicely.Promising with her money miser husband, Putting the box inside casket, locking and rolling the casket are the events which build the complete story.

Twist: This is the unpredictable event/thing/way which amuse the reader. Readers even did not predict before that it would be. When reading the above story, for the first, readers likely think that the wife would put all the money instead of just a check  

TEXT

Loving Money Too Much

There was a man who liked money very much. He worked all of his life and wanted to save all of his money for his own future. He was a real miser when it came to his money. He loved money more than just about anything.

Even, just before he died, he said to his wife; "Now listen, when I die, I want you to take all my money and place it in the casket with me. I wanna take my money to the afterlife." So he asked his wife to promise him with all her heart that when he died, she would put all the money in the casket with him.

Well, one day, he really died. Then he was stretched out in the casket. The wife was sitting there in black clothes next to her closest friend. When they finished the ceremony, just before the undertakers got ready to close the casket, the wife said "Wait just a minute!"

She had a box in her hands. She came over with the box and placed it in the casket. After that the undertakers locked the casket down and rolled it away. Not long after that, her friend said, "I hope you were not crazy enough to put all that money in the casket."

The wife turned to her friend and replied; "Yes, because I have promised." Then she continued; "I can't lie. I promised him that I was going to put that money in that casket with him." Feeling shocked, her friend said; "You mean that you have put every cent of his money in the casket with him?" Then the wife answered; "Surely I did. I got it all together, put all the money into my account and I just wrote him a check."

Question :

1.    Mary likes the present ……………… I gave her for her birthday

a    Who

b    When

c    Which

d    Whom

e    That

2.    The camera………. I bought has a zoom lens

a    That

b    When

c    Which

d    Whom

e    Who

3.    A high-strung person is someone……………. is always nerveous

a    That

b    When

c    Which

d    Whom

e    Who

4.    The woman …….. car was stolen called the police

a    That

b    When

c    Which

d    Whose 

e    Who

5.    The man …………. Picture in the newspaper is famous

a    That            e. who

b    When

c    Which

d    Whose 

RECOUNT TEXT

Definition of Recount

Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative

Generic Structure of Recount

1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time

2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past

3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

Language Feature of Recount

• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc

• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc

• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc

• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc

• Using simple past tense

TEXT

Journalist's Diary

   Recount is very similar to narrative. Recount explores the series of events which happened to participant/s. These events are the main element in composing recount text. However it just focuses on the events themselves. It does not include the conflict inside. 

The events will be told in chronological order based on time and place. If we get recount text with complete generic structure, it will be constructed by structuring orientation, events and re-orientation. The absence of complication/problem/conflict in the generic structure is actually differentiating from narrative. Arranging these series of event in beautiful and attractive way is the power of writer in composing recount text. Below is piece of passage which can be read as recount text.

My Rush Time as a Journalist

I usually woke up at eight o'clock a.m. and went to the Press Center to check the daily schedule of briefings and press conferences. It was usually held by the United Nation officials or disaster mitigation team.

It was challenging to visit different refugee camps to find soft stories, human interest stories. After that I went back to the Press Center to cover the press conferences of the day.

It was heart breaking when I saw these survivors fight for food and secondhand clothing. Unfortunately as they said, the food and clothing were limited and inadequate. Emerging to glaring, fool noon, it was time to go back to Press Center to write stories and race against time. I was always fearing that the internet would come crushing down.

After everything was done, only then I remembered to eat. Most times, I only ate once a day because I always had to rush and again it was difficult to find food. I had to travel quite far. I needed to spend a 30 to 45 minutes by car just to find fresh food.

Question :

6.    Mary likes the present ……………… I gave her for her birthday

a    Who

b    When

c    Which

d    Whom

e    That

7.    The camera………. I bought has a zoom lens

a    That

b    When

c    Which

d    Whom

e    Who

8.    A high-strung person is someone……………. is always nerveous

a    That

b    When

c    Which

d    Whom

e    Who

9.    The woman …….. car was stolen called the police

a    That

b    When

c    Which

d    Whose 

e    Who

10.    The man …………. Picture in the newspaper is famous

a    That            e. who

b    When

c    Which

d    Whose 

ANECDOTE TEXT

Definition and Social Function of Anecdote

Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Anecdote

1. Abstract

2. Orientation 

3. Crisis

4. Incident.

Language Feature of Anecdote

1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc

2. Using imperative; listen to this

3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?

4. Using action verb; go, write, etc

5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward

6. Using simple past tense

TEXT

Blessing behind Tragedy

There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America. 

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.

The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. 

Question :

1.    Before I going to bed, I …………..

a    Bath

b    Pray

c    Play football

d    Sweep the floor

e    Fishing

2.    Before Budi……… to the bed, he studied English

a    Go

b    Gone

c    Went

d    Goes

e    Did went

3.    Before………. TV, Siti studied mathematics

a    Watch

b    Watched

c    Watching

d    Watchs

e    Did watch

4.    Sam………. playstation after I did my homework

a    Play

b    Played

c    Plays

d    Did play

e    Playing

5.    I play football before I …………. a bath

a    Take                e.   Is take

b    Took

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Descriptive text has structure as below:

Identification    : identifying the phenomenon to be described.

Description    : describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

The Language Feature of Descriptive Text

Using attributive and identifying process.

Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.

Using simple present tense

TEXT

My Friend's New Shoes

   I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always want to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really matches on her. 

Her new blowfish women's shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance.

She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products covered all genders. The blowfish men's shoes are as elegant as she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international trader mark and become the hottest trend.

Question :

1.    At this last year, I …….. in America

a    Stay

b    Staying

c    Was staying

d    Was stay

e    Stayed

2.    My father …….. TV when someone knocked the door

a    Is watching

b    Was watching

c    Had watched

d    Is watched

e    Watched

3.    Budi…….. a letter while he was listening to the radio

a    Is writing

b    Had writing

c    Did writing

d    Writing

e    Wrote

4.    My mother was ………….. in the kitchen when I slept at my room.

a    Cooked

b    Cooking

c    Is cooking

d    Cooks

e    Are cooked

5.    My  Mother  …………… movie when someone else 

a    Is watching            e. watched

b    Was watching

DISCUSSION TEXT

Definition of Discussion

Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.

Generic Structure of Discussion

Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed

List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue

List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point

Recommendation; stating the writer' recommendation of the discourse

Language Feature of Discussion

Introducing category or generic participant

Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc

Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand, however, etc

Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc

Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

Discussion Text Sample on Distance Learning 

TEXT

The advantages and Disadvantages of Distance Learning

A few years ago, distance learning was seen as an inferior way but nowadays even famous and established traditional colleges and universities are providing distance learning courses and it is generally considered a way to improve one's life.

However, people still argue whether distance learning give more advantage or disadvantage. Some of them who see the benefit of distance learning will say that distance learning needs no commuting. Of course it saves money and time that students would take. Furthermore, distance learning can be done at any student’s convenience. Mostly of the classes of distance learning are asynchronous. It means that students do not have to attend a lecture at a fixed particular time and place. Students can review the assignments and do their homework during off-hours or from home. Additionally, distance learning gives more accessibility. No one can deny it. People with limited mobility may encounter the problem when they take traditional class. With the online class system, the problem is absent.

Despite the many advantages, the other people will see that distance learning is costly and needs complex technology. To attend online learning, student must have a computer with possibly access to the internet. Admitted or not, such technology devices are not always available for common students. Another disadvantage of distance learning is that it does not provide immediate feedback. Unlikely traditional classroom, students have to wait for the feedback and comment until the instructor has review the works and sent response to them. Most of the time students will study alone. Distance learners may feel isolated or miss that social physical interaction that comes with attending a traditional classroom

Regarding the individual’s learning style, some students are able to learn when there is a live interaction between them and the available of accompanying teacher while others don’t really need it. So before deciding a choice of attending distance learning or not, each student needs to do a fair analysis regarding the kind of person he/she is

  

Question :

1.    “The hotel is suffering a great loss.”

“Yes, only ten percent of their rooms………..”

a    being occupied

b    occupied

c    is occupied

d    are occupied

e    they are occupied

2.    “Why does the baby next-door keep crying?”

“As usual, it……….. by the baby sitter.”

a    Is neglecting

b    Is neglected

c    Neglects

d    Is to be neglected

e    Is to neglect

3.    “Which paintings will be tomorrow?”

“We don’t know yet; they……………. by a team

a    are still being selected

b    are still selecting

c    still be selected

d    still selected

e    still selected

4.    Our mail ………..by the postman

a    Is deliver

b    Had deliver

c    Is delivered

d    Deliver

e    Have been deliver

5.    The cake ………… by the children

a    Has been eaten        c. did eaten        e. eat

b    Has eaten            d. eaten

PROCEDURE TEXT

Definition of Procedure

Procedure is a text that show a process in order. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of series

Generic Structure of Procedure

1. Goal: showing the purpose

2. Material: Telling the needed materials

3. Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose

Language Feature of Procedure

• Using temporal conjunction

• Using action verb

• Using imperative sentence

• Using Simple Present Tense

TEXT

Writing For Business   writing something for your business can be pretty intimidating. Well, you don't have to.
Here's a simple checklist to follow. I'm not saying that following these rules will make your company the next Google, but it will help.
Firstly, take the topic of benefits, not features. Your customers don't care about you. They want to know "What's in it for me?"
Secondly, write your benefit like you talk it. Use regular words. Read aloud what you've written. How does it sound?
Thirdly, lose the weak words. Don't describe how your company may, might or should help customers but talk about how your company will.
Fourthly, Use a nice rhythm. Some sentences are long and some are short. Mix them up and keep things interesting.
Fifthly,re-read what you've done before publishing. Edit it necesarily. It's so easy to make mistakes which you don't notice the first time through. 

Question :

1.    Andi always……….. go to scholl

a    Go

b    Went

c    Goes

d    Gone

e    Going

2.    Carol often……….. to the theater.

a    Go

b    Went

c    Goes

d    Gone

e    Going

3.    Mr.  Glendoh sometimes …………. Late

a    Get up

b    Got up

c    Gots up

d    Geted up

e    Gets up

4.    “What is the freezing point of water?”

“Water……. At 32. Fahrenheit.

a    Freezes

b    Freezing

c    Freez

d    Is Freezing

e    Did Freezes

5.    The sun ……… in the east

a    Rise

b    Rises

c    Have rise

d    Had rise

NEWS ITEM TEXT

Definition of News Item

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic Structure of News Item

1. Main event

2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)

3. Resource of information

Language Feature of News Item

1. Focusing on circumstances

2. Using material process

TEXT

Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms   Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a condom to protect against HIV, a news report said.
“This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad was quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to them”.
Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day, which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door.
Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive and 193 were diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily rising.
Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying besides sex workers, many women who contract HIV are housewives, were infected unknowingly by their husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that condoms can protect them. But there are some men who don’t care to take precaution, even though they know they have HIV” she said.

Generic Structure AnalysisNews worthy event: Malaysian women is urged to carry condoms to protect HIV.
Background event 1: International Memorial Day was held openly in Malaysia to reduce stigma for HIV victims.
Background event 2: The number of Malaysian women who are infected with HIV is steadily rising.
Source: Malaysian Aids Council president said that there were some men who did not care to take precaution even though they knew they had HIV 

Question :

1.    “I’m having trouble with my computer again. “I’ve done everything I can but it doesn’t work properly.”

“Why don’t you have Dono …………it?”

a    to fix

b    fixing

c    he fixed

d    fix

e    fixed

2.    “Do I have to go to the post office to get my package?’

“No, you can ……………”

a    have delivered it

b    deliver it

c    have it to be delivered

d    have to deliver it

e    have it delivered

3.    “Why does the secretary have to work overtime?”

“Her boss……….. the letter.”

a    Has retyped

b    Has been retyping

c    Has her retype

d    Has to retype

e    Wants to retype

4.    “I fixed the light in the bathroom yesterday, but it went out again today”

“Why don’t you have an electrician………….it

a    Checking

b    Checked

c    To check

d    Check

e    Checks

5.    “After I finished my article, I had it edited”

This means that…………..

a    I had edited my article

b    My article would be edited

c    Somebody edited my article

d    I was asked to edit my article

e    I had to edit my article myself

0 Rangkuman tugas seni musik musik tradisional jepang

JEPANG      

Jepang (bahasa Jepang: 日本 Nippon/Nihon, nama resmi: Nipponkoku/Nihonkoku adalah sebuah negara kepulauan di Asia Timur. Yang letaknya di ujung barat Samudra Pasifik, di sebelah timur Laut Jepang, dan bertetangga dengan Republik Rakyat Cina, Korea, dan Rusia. Pulau-pulau paling utara berada di Laut Okhotsk, dan wilayah paling selatan berupa kelompok pulau-pulau kecil di Laut Cina Timur, tepatnya di sebelah selatan Okinawa yang bertetangga dengan Taiwan.

Jepang terdiri dari 6,852 pulau yang membuatnya merupakan suatu kepulauan. Pulau-pulau utama dari utara ke selatan adalah Hokkaido, Honshu (pulau terbesar), Shikoku, dan Kyushu. Sekitar 97% wilayah daratan Jepang berada di keempat pulau terbesarnya. Sebagian besar pulau di Jepang bergunung-gunung, dan sebagian di antaranya merupakan gunung berapi. Gunung tertinggi di Jepang adalah Gunung Fuji yang merupakan sebuah gunung berapi. Penduduk Jepang berjumlah 128 juta orang, dan berada di peringkat ke-10 negara berpenduduk terbanyak di dunia. Tokyo secara de facto adalah ibu kota Jepang, dan berkedudukan sebagai sebuah prefektur. Tokyo Raya adalah sebutan untuk Tokyo dan beberapa kota yang berada di prefektur sekelilingnya. Sebagai daerah metropolitan terluas di dunia, Tokyo Raya berpenduduk lebih dari 30 juta orang.

Menurut mitologi tradisional, Jepang didirikan oleh Kaisar Jimmu pada abad ke-7 SM. Kaisar Jimmu memulai mata rantai monarki Jepang yang tidak terputus hingga kini. Meskipun begitu, sepanjang sejarahnya, untuk kebanyakan masa kekuatan sebenarnya berada di tangan anggota-anggota istana, shogun, pihak militer, dan memasuki zaman modern, di tangan perdana menteri. Menurut Konstitusi Jepang tahun 1947, Jepang adalah negara monarki konstitusional di bawah pimpinan Kaisar Jepang dan Parlemen Jepang.

Sebagai negara maju di bidang ekonomi,[6] Jepang memiliki produk domestik bruto terbesar nomor dua setelah Amerika Serikat, dan masuk dalam urutan tiga besar dalam keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja. Jepang adalah anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, G8, OECD, dan APEC. Jepang memiliki kekuatan militer yang memadai lengkap dengan sistem pertahanan moderen seperti AEGIS serta suat armada besar kapal perusak. Dalam perdagangan luar negeri, Jepang berada di peringkat ke-4 negara pengekspor terbesar dan peringkat ke-6 negara pengimpor terbesar di dunia. Sebagai negara maju, penduduk Jepang memiliki standar hidup yang tinggi (peringkat ke-8 dalam Indeks Pembangunan Manusia) dan angka harapan hidup tertinggi di dunia menurut perkiraan PBB.[7] Dalam bidang teknologi, Jepang adalah negara maju di bidang telekomunikasi, permesinan, dan robotika.

MUSIK TRADISIONAL JEPANG

    Jenis Musik Tradisional Jepang:

Ada banyak jenis music tradisional di Jepang. Dua diantara paling tua adalah shomyo, atau nyanyian orang gemuk, dan gagaku atau music berkenaan dengan orkes, kedua-duanya yang mana tanggal untuk Nara dan periode Heian.

    Gagaku adalah satu jenis music klasik yang telah dilakukan pada imperial meramahi periode heian. Kagurauta, azumaasobi dan yamatouta adalah pembendaharaan lagu yang berasal dari pribumi  komagaku berasal dari dinasti Tang cina melalui semenanjung korea. Gagaku dibagi menjadi Kangen (music instrumental) dan bugaku (tarian yang disertai oleh gagaku).

    Honkyoku

Memulai sejak abad 19 th BC adalah honkyoku [ potongan potongan asli]. Ini adalah nyanyian tunggal shakuhachi potongan-potongan yang dimainkan oleh para imam Fuke bersifat minta-minta dari Zen Buddhism. Para imam ini, Komuso yang disebut (biarawan kehampaan ), honkyoku yang dimainkan untuk penerang/ keringanan dan sedekah. Fuke berhenti pada abad 19 th, tetapi satu garis keturunan tertulis dan lisan dari banyak honkyoku berlanjut hingga hari ini, meskipun demikian music ini kini sering dipraktekkan dalam suatu acara-acara penting.

     

    Samurai dan Noh

Samurai sering didengarkan dan dilakukan dalam music, di dalam praktek-praktek mereka untuk memperkaya pemahaman dalam hidup mereka.

    

Teater music juga dikembangkan di Jepang sejak dini. Noh muncul dari berbagai tradisi-tradisi yang lebih popular pada abad 14 th telah dikembangkan ke dalam seni. Tradisi itu dibawa sampai puncaknya oleh Kan’ami (1333-1384) dan Zeami (1363-1443). Khususnya Zeami menyajikan inti Noh perbendaharaan lagu dan authored banyak risalah / acuan risalah / acuan pada rahasia-rahasia tradisi Noh (sampai zaman modern belum dapat terbaca ).

    

    Bunraku dan Kabuki

Format lain dari teater Jepang dalah teater boneka, sering dikenal sebagai bunraku. Teater boneka tradisional ini juga sudah akar di dalam tradisi-tradisi popular dan dilambaikan terutama selama Chonin di dalam periode Edo (1600-1868). Itu adalah pada umumnya disertai oleh hafalan oleh murid-murid (berbagai gaya-gaya dari joruri) yang disertai oleh music shamisen.

    Sepanjang periode Edo para actor (setelah 1652 hanya orang dewasa pria ) yang melakukan teater Kabuki popular dan lincah. Kabuki, yang bias menonjolkan apapun dari permainan-permainan historis untuk menarikan permainan-permainan, sering disertai  oleh nagauta gaya tentang bernyanyi dan shamisen capaian.

    BIWA HOSHI, HEIKA BIWA, MOSO, AND GOZE

        Biwa, bentuk pendek dari kecapi, dimainkan oleh satu kelompok pemain sandiwara dan berkeliling (biwa hoshi) yang menggunakan biwa untuk menemani cerita-cerita. Paling terkenal dari cerita-cerita ini adalah cerita Heike, satu sejarah abad 19th kaum Minamoto di atas Taira. Biwa hoshi mulai mengorganisir diri mereka ke dalam satu asosiasi seperti serikat pekerja (todo) untuk manusia lemah terlihat sejak abad ke-13. Serikat pekerja ini secepatnya mengawasi sebagian besar kultur berbakat music dari Jepang.

    Sebagai tambahan, banyak kelompok kecil musisi buta di bentuk terutama di dalam Kyushu area. Musisi ini, moso yang dikenal sebagai biarawan buta berwisata di area-area local mereka dan melakukan berbagai teks-teks religi setengah dan religi untuk memurnikan rumah tangga dan menyempurnakan kesehatan serta agar sukses. Mereka juga merawat satu perbendaharaan lagu dari gaya-gaya hal-hal duniawi. Biwa yang mereka mainkan lebih kecil disbanding heika biwa yang dimainkan oleh biwa hoshi.

    Lafcadio Hearn berhubungan di dalam bukunya Kwaidan : Studi-studi dan cerita dari berbagai hal asing atau aneh  “Mimi-nashi Hoichi” (Hoichi tanpa telinga), satu cerita hantu Jepang sekitar satu hoshi biwa buta yang melaksanakan “cerita heike”.

    Wanita-wanita buta, goze yang dikenal juga sebagai wisata daratan pada zaman pertengahan, permainan dan nyanyian-nyanyian dimainkan dan diiringi drum pangkuan. Dari abad ke-17 yang sering mereka mainkan yaitu koto atau shamisen . Organisasi Goze tumbuh sepanjang daratan, dan hidup sampai saat ini di daerah administrasi Niigata.

    YUKAR

Minoritas Ainu Utara, yukar merupakan suatu format puisi syair kepahlawanan. Dalam cerita ini melibatkan Kamui, dewa dari sifat, dan pojaumbe, satu yatim piatu, prajurit, tetapi sering melibatkan para dewa lain juga.

    MIN’ YO

Min’ Yo merupakan nyanyian rakyat Jepang. Nyanyian ini dikategorikan menjadi 4:

1.     Nyanyian- nyanyian pekerjaan ( contohnya: sato kagura yang merupakan format dari muik Shinto )

2.    Nyanyian Religius

3.    Nyanyian untuk mengumpulkan orang dalam pernikahan, pemakaman, ataupun festifal

4.    Nyanyian anak- anak ( Warabe uta )

    

    MUSIK RAKYAT OKINAWAN

    Nyanyian Rukyun

1.    Ummui        : nyanyian religious

2.    Shima Uta        : nyanyian untuk tarian

3.    Katcharsee        : music yang beralunan lincah

Musik Okinawan sering disertai sanshin, dan samisen sebagai penggantinyha. Adapun instrument Okinawan yaitu: samba ( hasil bunyi yang serasi dan selaras dengan alat musicnya ) dan seekor burung yang bersiul.

    Tonalas 

Sebuah skala pentatonic yang merupakan bagian dari music min’ yo yang sering terdengar di pulau- pulau Jepang. Di skala pentatonic ini nada terkemuka dihilangkan dan menghasilkan satu skala berbakat music dengan separuh langkah.

Skala yang umum digunakan pada Musik Okinawan min’ yo meliputi derajat tingkat skala 1,2,3,4,5, dan 7.

Contoh alat musik tradisional Jepang:

1.    Shamishen

Pertunjukan shamisen

Shamisen atau samisen (三味線 ?) adalah alat musik dawai asal Jepang yang memiliki tiga senar, dan dipetik menggunakan sejenis pick yang disebut bachi.

Di dunia musik Jepang abad modern (kinsei hōgaku) seperti genre jiuta dan sōkyoku (sankyoku), shamisen dikenal sebagai san-gen (三弦, 三絃 ?, tiga senar), sedangkan di daerah Okinawa dikenal dengan sebutan sanshin (三線 ?).

•    

    Bentuk Shamisen

Badan shamisen (disebut dō) dibuat dari kayu, berbentuk segiempat dengan keempat sudut yang sedikit melengkung. Bagian depan dan belakang dilapisi kulit hewan yang berfungsi memperkeras suara senar. Kulit pelapis shamisen adalah kulit bagian perut kucing betina yang belum pernah kawin. Sedangkan shamisen kualitas biasa dibuat dari kulit bagian punggung dari anjing. Shamisen yang dibuat kulit imitasi memiliki kualitas suara yang tidak bagus sehingga kurang populer.

Panjang shamisen hampir sama dengan gitar tapi leher (sao) lebih langsing dan tanpa fret. Leher shamisen ada yang terdiri dari 3 bagian agar mudah dibawa-bawa dan disimpan. Leher shamisen yang utuh dan tidak bisa dilepas-lepas disebut leher nobezao.

Sutra merupakan bahan baku senar untuk shamisen. Tsugaru-jamisen yang berasal dari daerah Tsugaru ada yang memakai senar dari serat nilon atau tetoron. Senar secara berurutan dari kiri ke kanan (dari senar yang paling tebal) disebut sebagai ichi no ito (senar pertama), ni no ito (senar kedua), dan san no ito (senar ketiga).

    Jenis shamisen

Secara garis besar, shamisen terdiri dari 3 jenis berdasarkan ukuran leher: Hosozao (leher sempit), Nakazao (leher sedang), dan Futozao (leher besar). Selain itu, jenis shamisen dikelompokkan berdasarkan nama kesenian:

•    Nagauta shamisen, berleher langsing, dipetik dengan pick besar dari gading gajah, dan dipakai pada pertunjukan kabuki

•    Gidayū shamisen, berleher besar dan tebal, dan digunakan sebagai pengiring jōruri

•    Tokiwazu-bushi shamisen, berleher sedang

•    Kiyomoto shamisen, berleher sedang.

•    Jiuta shamisen, berleher sedang, dipetik dengan pick yang disebut Tsuyamabachi dari bahan gading gajah. Shamisen jenis ini sering disebut sankyoku, dimainkan bersama koto, kokyū, dan shakuhachi.

•    Shinnai shamisen, berleher sedang, dipetik dengan menggunakan kuku jari.

•    Yanagawa shamisen (Kyō-shamisen), berleher lebih langsing dari Hosozao, merupakan model shamisen yang paling tua

•    Tsugaru-jamisen, berleher lebar dan tebal, digunakan untuk lagu daerah yang disebut Tsugaru-minyō, dan dipetik menggunakan bachi yang berukuran lebih kecil dan dibuat dari tempurung kura-kura.

•    Shanshin asal Kepulauan Ryūkyū, digunakan di prefektur Okinawa dan bagian paling ujung prefektur Kagoshima. Shanshin dibuat dari kulit ular sanca asal Indonesia, leher shamisen dipernis dengan urushi, serta dipetik tidak memakai bachi, melainkan dengan pick dari tanduk kerbau.

•    Gottan, asal Prefektur Kagoshima, dibuat seluruhnya dari kayu dan tidak memakai kulit hewan.

    Sejarah Shamisen

Dalam penggolongan alat musik, shamisen termasuk alat musik petik serupa lute dengan leher (neck) yang disambung ke badan. Di seluruh dunia terdapat banyak sekali berjenis-jenis alat musik serupa lute, mulai dari gitar, sitar, hingga ukulele. Kebudayaan Mesir kuno mengenal alat petik bersenar tiga yang di Persia berkembang menjadi setaru atau sitar ("se" berarti "tiga" dan "taru" berarti "senar"). Di Tiongkok, alat musik serupa sitar yang dibuat dengan pelapis kulit ular disebut sanshen (sanxian). Perdagangan antara Kerajaan Ryūkyū dan Fuzhou memperkenalkan alat musik sanshen yang kemudian di Okinawa disebut sanshin.

Di akhir abad ke-16, sanshin yang dibawa kapal dagang asal Ryūkyū diperkenalkan ke penduduk kota Sakai. Shamisen tertua yang masih ada sekarang adalah shamisen bernama Yodo hasil karya pengrajin di Kyoto. Shamisen ini khusus dibuat atas perintah Toyotomi Hideyoshi untuk dihadiahkan kepada sang istri Yodo-dono. Shamisen Yodo mempunyai bentuk yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan shamisen yang ada sekarang.

Perkembangan sanshin asal luar negeri menjadi shamisen tidak lepas dari peran pemusik tunanetra asal perkumpulan tunanetra Tōdōza. Sanshin yang dimainkan dengan pick berbentuk kuku dari tanduk kerbau berkembang menjadi shamisen yang dipetik dengan bachi yang digunakan untuk memetik alat musik biwa. Bunyi shamisen yang lebih garing ternyata lebih disenangi orang dibandingkan bunyi biwa yang terkesan berat dan serius.

Salah satu pemusik tunanetra bernama Ishimura Kengyō berjasa mengembangkan teknik permainan hingga shamisen digemari rakyat banyak. Di awal zaman Edo, Ishimura Kengyō mempelopori genre musik yang menggunakan shamisen dan dikenal sebagai Jiuta. Secara garis besar musik shamisen dibagi menjadi dua jenis, Utaimono (pengiring lagu) dan Katarimono (pengiring cerita).

2.    Taiko

Kata Taiko berarti “drum besar” dalam bahasa Jepang . Taiko adalah satu drum besar dalam berbagai ukuran dan digunakan untuk permainan berbagai gaya-gaya berbakat misik. Nagado-daiko adalah taiko yang berbadan panjang  yang terdiri atas dua potong kulit sapi yang dibentangkan di atas sebuah kerangka kayu (Biasanya diukir dari satu potong kayu, kini sering dibuat dari sisa-sisa sebuah gentong  kayu) dan diregangkan. Kepala dari Tsukeshime-daiko (sering disingkat menjadi shime daiko atau shime saja) dibentangkan di atas cincin-cincin besi dan dijepit disekitar badan yang lebih kecil. Tali Tsukeshime-daiko ditarik hingga ketat sebelum  digunakan setiap kalinya. Okedo-daiko adalah taiko berbadan gentong yang sering kali disingkat menjadi okedo atau oke yang dipasang di atas sebuah dudukan dan dimainkan seperti taiko lainnya, tapi biasanya digantungkan melintang ke bahu sehingga si pemain drum dapat berjalan sekaligus memainkannya. Taiko Jepang lainnya mencakup Uchiwa-daiko (taiko kipas), Hira-daiko (taiko datar), O-daiko (taiko besar), dan serangkaian instrument tabuh lainnya dalam ansambel music tradisional Noh, gagaku, dan Kabuki.

 Okedo-daiko

Drum okedo-daiko merentang dari yang kecil dan mudah di bawa hingga drum yang paling besar dari semua drum Jepang lainnya. Berbeda dengan nagado, drum ini dapat di buat dalam berbagai ukuran, tidak dalam segala ukuran mengingat konstruksi kayu stavenya. Wilayah Aomori terkenal akan festifal Nebuta. Di sini okedo besar dimainkan oleh banyak orang sambil di bawa dengan kereta sepanjang jalan. Okedo mempunyai penopang bettanya sendiri yang dicitakan oleh Hayashi Eitetsu. 

Selain itu, seperti nagado-daiko, okedo mempunyai suara pinggiran, yang disebut “ka”. Namun, ketika memainkan pinggiran sebuah okedo, penting bagi pemain untuk memukul hanya bagian yang paling luar dari cincin metalnya, dan bukan pinggiran dari tubuh drum itu sendiri.kayu tipis dan ringan darin okedo khususnya akan mudah npenyok dan akan cepat menurun kondisinya bila dipukul. Penggunaan taiko dalam perang di Jepang pada masa feodal, taiko sering digunakan untuk memotivasi pasukan, menolong menentukan langkah barisan, dan mengatur perintah atau pengumuman. Menjelang atau saat memasuki pertempuran, taiko yaku(penabuh drum)  bertanggung jawab untuk menentukan langkah barisan, biasanya dengan enam langkah untuk setiap pukulan drum (ketukan-2-3-4-5-6). 

Menurut salah satu catatan sejarah (Gunji Yoshu), Sembilan rangkai dalam lima ketukan berarti memanggil sekutu di medan tempur, sementara sembilan rangkai dari tiga ketukan, yang dipercepat tiga atau empat kalinya, adalah panggilan untuk maju dan mengejar lawan. 

    Bachi

Pemukul kayu yang digunakan untuk memainkan drum taiko.

    Ji

Juga disebut jiuchi, adalah irama dasar yang digunakan untuk mendukung irama utama,atau O-uchi .Sebagian dari irama yang lebih lazim untuk Ji adalah don doko, don ko, atau don go, (pola mengayun).  Jikata adalah pemain yang memainkan irama Ji.

    Oroshi

Dicirikan oleh serangkaian pukulan pada taiko. Pemain mulai dengan lambat dengan banyak ma. Pelan-pelan ma atau waktu antara masing-masing pukulan menjadi semakin singkat, hingga penabuh melakukan pukulan yang cepat.

Taiko ensemble modern di temukan oleh Daihachi Oguchi di 1951. Satu pemain drum music jazz.  Oguchi menyatukan latar belakang berbakat musiknya ke dalam ansambel atau stel pakaian besar, ia juga yang telah meranvang. Gaya giatnya buat kelompoknya popular sepanjang Jepang, dan dibuat Hokuriku daerah satu pusat untuk Taikomusik. Musisi untuk bangun dari gelombang /lambaian ini dari ketenaran yang dimasukkan Sukeroku Daiko dan bandmatenya Seido kobayashi. 1969 gergaji satu kelompok memanggil (hubungi Za Ondekoza) di temukan oleh Tagayasu (kandang/sarang); Za Ondekoza  mengumpulkan pemain sandiwara muda bersama-sama yang berinovasi satu versi kebangkitan kembali (ilmu) akar baru Taiko, yang digunakan sebagai satu jalan hidup di dalam gaya hidup komunal. Sepanjang 1970, pemerintah Jepang mengalokasikan dana untuk memelihara kultur Jepang, dan banyak masyarakat Taiko kelompok-kelompok  dibentuk. Kemudian (dalam) abad, Taiko kelompok-kelompok menyebar ke seberang dunia, terutama untuk Amerika Serikat . Game video Taiko Tuan drum didasarkan di sekitar Taiko. Satu contaoh dari satu regu Taiko modern adalah GOCOO.

3.    Tsuzumi

Tsuzumi (鼓 tsuzumi?) adalah drum Jepang. Drum ini terdiri dari tubuh kayu yang berbentuk seperti jam pasir. Tsuzumi memainkan peran dalam teater Noh dan Kabuki, tetapi juga digunakan dalam min'yō (民謡 minyō?), atau lagu rakyat Jepang. Tsuzumi juga disebut sebagai kotsuzumi (小鼓 kotsuzumi?), atau "tsuzumi kecil."

4.    Koto

Koto adalah alat musik tradisional Jepang. Pertama kali dikenal di Jepang sekitar abad ke-7, ketika sejumlah bangsawan Jepang yang pergi ke Cina untuk mempelajari kebudayaan dan kesenian di sana lalu kembali dan membawa Guzheng, sejenis kecapi Cina. Koto dikembangkan dari Guzheng tersebut.

5.    Shakuhachi

Shakuhachi adalah alat musik tiup tradisional jepang yang di buat dari bambu. bentuknya hampir sama persis seperti recorder. Shakuhachi ini hanya memiliki 4 lubang di depan & 1 lubang di belakang (walaupun ada jenis-jenis lainnya). Biasanya lagu-lagu yang di mainkan dengan shakuhachi adalah lagu-lagu tradisional, walaupun di jaman skarang banyak orang yang memainkan lagu-lagu modern juga, bahkan ada beberapa band jazz jepang yang berkolaborasi dengan pemain shakuhachi.harga shakuhachi sendiri yaitu 170.000 yen kalau di kurs ke rupiah kira-kira Rp. 14.000.000.

0 Tugas Bahasa Inggris SMA Text Descriptive, News Item dan Kunci Jawaban TA 2014/2015

I.  TEXT DESCRIPTIVE

JellyfishJellyfish are not really fish. They are invertebrate animals. This means that unlike fish or people, they have no backbones. In fact, they have no bones at all.
Jellyfish have stomachs and mouths, but no heads. They have nervous systems for
sensing the world around them, but no brains. They are made almost entirely of water, which is why you can look through them.
Some jellyfish can glow in darkness by making their own light. The light is made by a chemical reaction inside the jellyfish. Scientists believe jellyfish glow for several reasons. For example, they may glow to scare away predators or to attract animals they like to eat.
Most jellyfish live in salt water, apart from a few types that live in fresh water. Jellyfish are found in oceans and seas all over the world. They live in warm, tropical seas and in icy waters near the North and South poles.

Questions :

1. What is the Jellyfish?

2. Mention part of the body Jellyfish?

3. What is the text about?

4. “Some jellyfish can glow in darkness by making their own light.” (paragraph 3)

The word “glow” in the sentence means …

5. Where Most Jellyfish Live?

Answer : 

1.    Jellyfish are not really fish. They are invertebrate animals. This means that unlike fish or people, they have no backbones. 

2.    Jellyfish have stomachs and mouths, but no heads. 

3.    Jellyfish.

4.    Shine

5.    Most jellyfish live in salt water, apart from a few types that live in fresh water. Jellyfish are found in oceans and seas all over the world. They live in warm, tropical seas and in icy waters near the North and South poles.

.

II.    NEWS ITEM

Indonesian Maid beheadedAn Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing her employer, the Saudi Interior Minister said.
The woman was beheaded in the Southern Asir province in what was the second execution in the country.
The maid was earlier found of suffocating her female boss and stealing her jewellery. Rape, murder and other serious crimes can carry the death penalty in the conservative desert kingdom.
Last year, Saudi Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law executed more than 130 people.

Questions :

1.    Where an Indonesian housemaid has been executed?

2.    Why an Indonesian housemaid has been executed?

3.    What the Saudi Interior Minister said?

4.    What Can Cause Rape, murder and other serious crimes in the conservative desert kingdom?

5.    What happened with last year in Saudi Arabia?

Answer :

1.    An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia.

2.    Because she was killing her employer

3.    The Saudi Interior Minister said that An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing her employer,

4.    Can carry the death penalty.

5.    Last year, Saudi Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law executed more than 130 people.

Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry CondomsMalaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a condom to protect against HIV, a news report said.
“This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad was quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to them”.
Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day, which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door.
Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive and 193 were diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily rising.
Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying besides sex workers, many women who contract HIV are housewives, were infected unknowingly by their husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that condoms can protect them. But there are some men who don’t care to take precaution, even though they know they have HIV” she said.

Questions :

1.    Why Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a condom?

2.    Abdul Latiff made a statement to coincide with what day?

3.    How many people have been infected with HIV?

4.    How many Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive?

5.    Who Malaysian Aids Council president?

Answer : 

1.    Because to protect against HIV.

2.    Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day.

3.    81000 Malaysian have been infected with HIV.

4.    745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive.

5.    Adeebah Kamarulzaman.

0 SOAL ASTRONOMI IPA KELAS XII SMA/MA TA 2014/2015

PILIHAN GANDA

1.    Pada saat oposisi Bumi- Planet dan Matahari mendekati satu garis lurus, konfigurasinya adalah:

a.       Planet – Bumi – Matahari

b.      Bumi – Planet - Matahari

c.       Planet – Matahari – Bumi

d.      Matahari – Planet – Bumi

e.       Tidak ada yang benar

2.    Pada saat konjungsi Bumi-Planet dan Matahari mendekati satu garis lahir lurus, konfigurasinya adalah;

a.    Planet – Bumi – Matahari

b.    Bumi – Planet - Matahari

c.     Planet – Matahari – Bumi

d.    Matahari – Planet – Bumi

e.    Tidak ada yang benar

3.    Jika setengah sumbu panjang dan eksentrisitas planet Mars adalah a = 1,52 dan e = 0,09 sedangkan untuk Bumi a = 1 SA dan e = 0,017. Kecerlangan maksimum Mars pada saat oposisi, terjadi ketika jaraknya dari Bumi pada saat itu;

a.    0,37 SA

b.    0,27 SA

c.     0,32 SA

d.    0,40 SA

e.    0,50 SA

4.    Jika setengah sumbu panjang dan eksentrisitas planet Mars adalah a = 1,52 dan e = 0,09 sedangkan untuk Bumi a = 1 SA dan e = 0,017. Kecerlangan minimum Mars pada saat oposisi, terjadi ketika jaraknya dari Bumi pada saat itu;

a.    0,67 SA

b.    0,70 SA

c.     0,72 SA

d.    0,37 SA

e.    0,50 SA

5.    Elongasi maksimum terjadi ketika jarak Bumi ke Matahari dan jarak Planet ke Matahari memenuhi kaedah;

a.    Jarak planet maksimum, jarak bumi minimum

b.    Jarak planet maksimum, jarak bumi maksimum

c.     Jarak planet minimum, jarak bumi minimum

d.    Jarak planet minimum, jarak bumi maksimum

e.    Tidak ada yang benar

6.    Elongasi minimum terjadi ketika jarak Bumi ke Matahari dan jarak Planet ke Matahari memenuhi kaedah;

a.    Jarak planet maksimum, jarak bumi minimum

b.    Jarak planet maksimum, jarak bumi maksimum

c.     Jarak planet minimum, jarak bumi minimum

d.    Jarak planet minimum, jarak bumi maksimum

e.    Tidak ada yang benar

7.    Yang dimaksud konjungsi inferior adalah ketika terjadi konfigurasi;

a.    Bumi – Planet - Matahari

b.    Matahari – Bumi – Planet

c.     Planet – Bumi – Matahari

d.    Bumi – Matahari – Planet

e.    Tidak ada yang benar

8.    Yang dimaksud konjungsi superior adalah ketika terjadi konfigurasi;

a.    Bumi – Planet - Matahari

b.    Matahari – Bumi – Planet

c.     Planet – Bumi – Matahari

d.    Bumi – Matahari – Planet

e.    Tidak ada yang benar

9.    Sebagian besar anggota Tata Surya bila dilihat dari kutub utara ekliptika, bergerak berlawanan dengan putaran jarum jam. Gerak seperti ini disebut;

a.    Indirek

b.    Prograde

c.     Retrogade

d.    Helix

e.    Beraturan

10.  Beberapa komet dan satelit dalam Tata Surya bila dilihat dari kutub utara ekliptika, bergerak searah dengan putaran jarum jam. Gerak seperti ini disebut;

a.    Direk

b.    Prograde

c.     Retrogade

d.    Helix

e.    Tidak beraturan

11.  Sinar matahari terutama berasal dari

a.    Corona

b.    Flare

c.     Fotosfer

d.    Kromosfer

e.    Sunspot

12.  Temperatur fotosfer matahari dalam derajat Kelvin kira-kira;

a.    1.000.000

b.    5.800

c.     5.000.000

d.    20.000

e.    3.000

13.  Garis Fraunhover adalah;

a.    Filamen tipis dan terang yang terlihat dalam foto matahari dalam cahaya hidrogen atom

b.    Garis emisi dalam spektrum piringan hitam

c.     Garis emisi dalam spektrum korona ketika diamati selama gerhana matahari total

d.    Garis absorpsi berbagai elemen dan spektrum piringan hitam

e.    Garis absorpsi dalam spektrum flare matahari

14.  Radius matahari besarnya 110 kali radius bumi dan densitas rata-ratanya ¼ densitas rata-rata Bumi. Dengan data ini, massa matahari besarnya;

a.    1.330.000

b.    330.000

c.     25.000

d.    3.000

e.    10.000

15.  Di dalam gugusan suatu gugus bintang terdapat 50 buah bintang. Bintang-bintang di dalam gugus itu kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan ukurannya menjadi kelompok bintang berukuran besar dan berukuran kecil. Ternyata ada 27 bintang yang termasuk kategori besar. Selain itu dikelompokkan juga berdasarkan temperaturnya menjadi dua kelompok, bintang bertemparatur tinggi dan rendah. Ternyata ada 35 bintang yang termasuk kategori bertemperatur tinggi. Jika ada 18 bintang besar dan bertemperatur tinggi, ada berapa banyak bintang kecil yang bertemparatur rendah ?

a.    4 bintang

b.    5 bintang

c.     6 bintang

d.    7 bintang

e.    8 bintang

16.  Seorang astronot sedang menyiapkan barang-barang yang akan dibawa ke International Space Station, sebuah stasiun angkasa luar. Ada dua kotak berbentuk kubus yang dapat digunakan sebagai wadah. Rusuk (sisi) kotak pertama 4 dm lebih panjang daripada rusuk kotak kedua. Jika kotak pertama dapat memuat barang 784 dm³ lebih banyak daripada kotak kedua, maka luas permukaan kotak pertama (yang lebih besar) adalah :

a.    2,16 m²

b.    3,6 m²

c.     6 m²

d.    7,2 m²

e.    9,6 m²

ESSAY

1.)   Diketahui jarak a Centarury A dari Matahari adalah 4,4 tahun cahaya dan magnitudo semu Matahari dilihat dari Bumi adalah, m = -26. Koordinat ekuatorial a Centaury A adalah      (a,d) = (14^h39,5^m, -60^o50’). Seorang astronot dari Bumi pergi ke bintang itu kemudian melihat ke arah Matahari. Jika astronot itu menggunakan peta bintang dari Bumi dan menggunakan sistem koordinat ekuatorial Bumi dengan acuan bintang-bintang yang sangat jauh, berapakah koordinat ekuatorial dan magnitudo matahari menurut astronot itu ?

2.)   Sebuah asteroid ketika berada di perihelium menerima fluks dari matahari sebesar F₀ ketika di aphelium ia menerima sebesar 0,5 F₀. Orbit asteroid mempunyai setengah sumbu pendek  b = 1,3 SA. Pertanyaannya;

a)    berapakah periode asteroid ini

b)    ketika di aphelium berapakah kecepatan lepas asteroid ini ?

3.)   Ada sebuah bintang ganda gerhana yang kedua bintang anggotanya sama persis, radiusnya sama, temperaturnya sama, dan inklinasi orbit 90^o. Bila ditilik kurva cahaya (grafik magnitudo terhadap waktu) bintang ganda itu, berapakah perbedaan magnitudo antara keadaan paling terang dan keadaan paling redup ?

4.)   Sebuah bintang ganda terdiri dari sebuah bintang maharaksasa biru yang massanya 90 massa matahari dan sebuah bintang katai putih bermassa kecil. Periode orbit bintang ganda itu adalah 12,5 hari. Karena temperatur bintang raksasa itu sangat tinggi, ia mengalami kehilangan massa melalui angin bintang yang dihembuskannya. Setiap tahun bintang raksasa itu kehilangan massa 10^-6 kali massa matahari. Jika diasumsikan jarak antara kedua bintang itu tidak berubah. Hitunglah periode orbit bintang ganda itu 10 juta tahun kemudian.

5.)   Sebuah bintang ganda gerhana mempunyai periode 50 hari. Dari kurva cahayanya seperti yang diperlihatkan pada gambar di bawah, tampak bahwa bintang kedua menggerhanai bintang pertama (dari titik A sampai D) dalam waktu 10 jam (saat kontak pertama sampai kontak terakhir), sedangkan dari titik B sampai titik C yatu saat gerhana total, lamanya adalah 1 jam. Dari spektrumnya diperoleh bahwa kecepatan radial bintang pertama adalah 20 km/s dan bintang kedua adalah 50 km/s. Apabila orbitnya dianggap lingkaran dan inklinasinya i = 90^o, tentukanlah radius bintang pertama dan kedua dan juga massa kedua bintang.

Daftar Konstanta

Luminositas Matahari = L_u = 3,86 x 10²⁶ J dt^-1 = 3,826 × 10²⁶ Watt

F_{bolometrik Matahari} = 6,28 x 10⁷ J dt^-1 m^-2

Konstanta radiasi Matahari = 1,368 x 10³ J m^-2

Konstanta Gravitasi, G = 6,67 x 10^-11 N m² kg^-2 [N = Newton]

Percepatan gravitasi Bumi, g = 9,8 m dt^-2

Massa Bumi, 5,98 x 10²⁴ kg

Massa Bulan = 7,34 x 10²² kg

Massa Matahari = 1,99 x 10³⁰ kg

Konstanta Stefan Boltzmann, s = 5,67 x 10^-8 J dt^-1 m^-2 K^-4

Satu Satuan Astronomi (1 SA) = 1,496 x 10¹¹ m

Jarak Bumi- Bulan rata-rata = 3,84 x 10⁸ m

Radius Bumi = 6,37 x 10⁶ m

Radius Matahari = 6,96 x 10⁸ m

Satu tahun sideris = 365,256 hari = 3,16 x 10⁷ detik

Temperatur efektif Matahari = 5880^oK

Kecepatan orbit Bumi (mengitari matahari) V = 2,98 × 10⁴ meter/det

Tahun cahaya, ly = 9,5 × 10¹⁵ menit

Kecepatan cahaya, c = 2,998 x 10⁸ m/det